PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

It is necessary to deal with Boa constrictor snakes because they are frequently treated in wild and exotic animal clinics and the knowledge about the required procedures in the treatment of the possible affections becomes imperative. When the choice for chemical restraint or sedation for surgical procedures is made, one of the drugs used in snakes is ketamine. We believed it was necessary to look for an alternative route of drug administration as effective as the regular ones, but with minimum risks and less adverse effects in its execution. Therefore thirteen snakes were submitted to the administration of 70mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride, with an urethral tube, through the cloaca into the colon-rectum. After this, they were evaluated during the 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 120 next minutes from the administration time using the following parameters: heart rate, muscle relaxation and mobility, handling or restraint resistance and righting reflex. Blood samples were collected from each snake by cervical paravertebral venous sinus punction, before the drug administration, on the next day and nine days after. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and uric acid were measured in order to check the renal biochemical profile and the possibility of influence of the drug on this system. It was possible to provoke chemical restraint in Boa constrictor snakes, with ketamine hydrochloride administered by the colon-rectal route.

• Colon-rectal route ectothermic animals anesthesia renal function enema snakes Boa constrictor ketamine anesthesiology

Abstract in Portuguese:

Por serem frequentes na clínica de animais silvestres, faz-se necessária a manipulação de jiboias e para isso, indispensável o conhecimento sobre as manobras precisas para o tratamento das possíveis afecções. Quando se opta pela contenção química, ou pela realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos, um dos fármacos utilizados na anestesia de serpentes é a cetamina. Viu-se a necessidade de buscar uma via alternativa, semelhante em eficácia às tradicionais para a contenção química, porém que minimizasse os riscos e efeitos adversos encontrados na sua execução. O presente trabalho sugere que a via retal seja esta alternativa, por isso, treze jiboias foram submetidas à administração de 70mg/kg de cloridrato de cetamina, com sonda uretral, através da cloaca até o cólon-reto. Foram avaliados, nos tempos 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 120 minutos, a partir da administração do fármaco, os seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca, relaxamento muscular e mobilidade, resistência à contenção ou manipulação e reação postural de endireitamento. Foi realizada coleta de 0,5mL de sangue por punção do seio venoso paravertebral cervical, antes da administração do fármaco, no dia seguinte e após nove dias. Foram dosadas as concentrações plasmáticas de cálcio, fósforo e ácido úrico de todos os exemplares a fim de verificar o perfil bioquímico renal e avaliar a influência do fármaco neste sistema. Não foram observadas alterações bioquímicas plasmáticas durante o período de avaliação. Foi possível promover a contenção química das jiboias Boa constrictor, utilizando cloridrato de cetamina pela via cólon-retal.

• Via cólon-retal répteis anestesia função renal enema serpentes jiboia Boa constrictor cetamina anestesologia

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Koproski L. & Pachaly J.R. 2017. [Chemical restraint of the Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus Desmarest, 1817) and of the occurrence of the species in southern Brazil.] Contenção farmacológica do rato-do-bambu (Dactylomys dactylinus Desmarest, 1817) e relato de ocorrência da espécie na região Sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(6):608-612. Instituto Brasileiro para a Medicina da Conservação (Tríade), Rua Silveira Lobo 32, Cx. Postal 48, Recife, PE 52061-031, Brazil. E-mail: leticia@triade.org.br One subadult healthy free-living female Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus), weighting 0.32 kg, received tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, xilazine HCl and atropine sulfate, combined in a single intramuscular injection. All doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, using as model a 10.0 kg domestic dog (tiletamine/zolazepam -5.0mg/kg), xylazine -1.0mg/kg), and atropine - 0.05mg/kg). Immobilization occurred in 2.3 minutes after injection (MAI) and returno to normal ambulation was observed in 135 MAI. Heart rate remained between 360 and 188 beats/minute (226±62), respiratory rate between 128 and 112 breaths/minute (120±5), and body temperature ranged from 36.2 to 33.5°C (34.4±1.0). Analgesia and myorelaxation were considered good for painless or mild painful fast procedures as physical examination, biological sampling, biometrics, imaging tests and tagging. The proposed anesthetic protocol was safe and effective, allowing safe manipulation of the animal during 63 MAI. The recovery was satisfactory, but prolonged. This is the first record of the species in Southern Brazil and the first report on its chemical restraint.

• Chemical restraint Amazon Bamboo Rat Dactylomys dactylinus rato-do-bambu Rodentia

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Koproski L. & Pachaly J.R. 2017. [Chemical restraint of the Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus Desmarest, 1817) and of the occurrence of the species in southern Brazil.] Contenção farmacológica do rato-do-bambu (Dactylomys dactylinus Desmarest, 1817) e relato de ocorrência da espécie na região Sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(6):608-612. Instituto Brasileiro para a Medicina da Conservação (Tríade), Rua Silveira Lobo 32, Cx. Postal 48, Recife, PE 52061-031, Brazil. E-mail: leticia@triade.org.br Um exemplar de rato-do-bambu (Dactylomys dactylinus) subadulto saudável do sexo feminino, de vida livre, com massa corporal de 0,32 kg, recebeu por via intramuscular, em uma única injeção, doses de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilazina e atropina calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, a partir das recomendações usuais para o cão doméstico de 10,0 kg (tiletamina/zolazepam - 5,0mg/kg, xilazina - 1,0mg/kg) e atropina - 0,05mg/kg). O rato perdeu a reação postural de endireitamento em 2,3 minutos pós-injeção (MPI) e recuperou a capacidade de deambular normalmente em 135 MPI. A frequência cardíaca variou de 360 a 188 bpm (226±62), a frequência respiratória de 128 a 112mpm (120±5), e a temperatura retal de 36,2 a 33,5°C (34,4±1,0). A analgesia e o miorrelaxamento foram considerados bons para a realização de procedimentos indolores ou pouco dolorosos de curta duração, como exame físico, colheita de material biológico, biometria, exames de imagem e marcação. A associação de fármacos permitiu a manipulação segura do animal por 63 MPI. A recuperação foi considerada satisfatória, porém prolongada. Destaca-se que este é primeiro registro de ocorrência da espécie na Região Sul do Brasil, e o primeiro relato de contenção farmacológica desse roedor neotropical.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Diniz A.N., Pessoa G.T., Moura L.S., Sanches M.P., Rodrigues R.P.S., Sousa F.C.A., Ambrósio C.E. & Alves F.R. 2017. Computerized electrocardiogram in agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):150-155. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: flavioribeiro@ufpi.edu.br An electrocardiogram is a test that assesses heart electrical activity and is applied more frequently in the veterinary care of wild animals. The present study aimed to define the electrocardiogram pattern of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Eighteen clinically healthy agoutis (D. prymnolopha) were used from the Nucleus for Wild Animal Studies and Conservation (NEPAS) of the Federal University of Piauí, Brazil. The animals were chemically restrained with 5% ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 15mg/kg and midazolam at a dose of 1mg/kg by intramuscular injection. Electrocardiogram tests were carried out by a computerized method with the veterinary electrocardiogram [Acquisition Model for Computer (ECG - PC version Windows 95) Brazilian Electronic Technology (TEB) consisting of an electronic circuit externally connected to a notebook computer with ECGPC-VET (TEB) software installed on the hard disc. In analysing the EKG results, significant differences were observed for QRS complex duration, PR and QT intervals and for R wave millivoltage between the genders; but we observed a significant influence of weight despite the gender. In the present experiment, the anaesthetic protocol was shown to be well tolerated by the agoutis, and no arrhythmias occurred during the time the animals were monitored. The reference values obtained should be used to better understand the cardiac electrophysiology of the species and for its clinical and surgical management.

• Electrocardiogram agouti Dasyprocta prymnolopha ketamine midazolam anaesthesia chemical restraint cardiology eletrocardiografia cutia cetamina midazolam anestesia contenção química cardiologia

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Diniz A.N., Pessoa G.T., Moura L.S., Sanches M.P., Rodrigues R.P.S., Sousa F.C.A., Ambrósio C.E. & Alves F.R. 2017. Computerized electrocardiogram in agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):150-155. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: flavioribeiro@ufpi.edu.br O eletrocardiograma computadorizado é um dos meios de diagnóstico utilizado para avaliação do coração e vem sendo cada vez mais presente na rotina veterinária. Este trabalho teve por objetivo definir o padrão eletrocardiográfico de cutias (D. prymnolopha) anestesiadas com cetamina e midazolam. Foram utilizadas 18 cutias clinicamente saudáveis, provenientes do Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres (NEPAS) da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os animais foram submetidos à contenção química com cloridrato de cetamina a 5% na dosagem de 15mg/kg associado ao midazolam, na dosagem de 1mg/kg, por via intramuscular. Os exames eletrocardiográficos foram realizados pelo método computadorizado, com o eletrocardiógrafo veterinário (Módulo de Aquisição de ECG Para Computador (ECG - PC versão Windows 95) Tecnologia Eletrônica Brasileira (TEB) composto por um circuito eletrônico ligado externamente a um notebook, e de um software instalado no disco rígido do computador. Os valores de duração do complexo QRS, intervalos PR e QT, comparados entre machos e fêmeas, apresentaram diferença significativa. Em milivoltagem a onda R foi o único parâmetro que apresentou diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas. O peso dos animais também foi significativamente diferente entre os gêneros. O protocolo anestésico mostrou-se bem tolerado pelos animais deste experimento, não ocorrendo quadros de arritmias durante o tempo de monitoramento dos animais.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.

• Chemical restraint anesthesia tigrina Leopardus tigrinus allometric scaling semen collection

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.